The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on a simulated wastewater plant regarding GHG emissions and use of energy and resources when implementing source separated wastewater systems. The effects were studied for different restrictions of effluent quality and for different temperatures on the influent. The simulation model BSM2G calibrated for Käppala wastewater treatment plant was used. The task was executed by simulating nine different scenarios with an increase in influent load from new connections equivalent to 3, 10 and 30 % of the present connections. These new connections were served by conventional, urine separated or black water separated systems.

Catecholamines are stress hormones that are produced and released by a rare tumor called pheochromocytoma. This tumor can cause hypertension which if undiagnosed and untreated leads to death. Since good therapy is available, it is important to find the tumor in time. The most common way to diagnose the tumor is measurement of the biochemical markers; catecholamines and their metabolites, methylated catecholamines.After observation that almost all normetanephrine results for women were higher than the upper reference limit and therefore pathological, the accuracy of the present reference intervals was questioned. Therefore new reference intervals for both urinary catecholamines and methylated catecholamines were developed by analysis of 46 samples using HPLC.

The occurrence of small amounts of albumin in urine, microalbuminuria (MA), is used both in human- and veterinary medicine as an indicator for patients who have developing proteinuria. Proteinuria can be prerenal, renal or postrenal which is important to establish during an investigation. With conventional methods decreased renal function is not detected until 70 % of renal function is lost. The ability to detect and start a treatment earlier might reverse or slow the progression of disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of Heska® E.R.D.-Health Screen?, a test for microalbuminuria in dogs, to detect albuminuria.

My essay is about a dilemma that came up on a preschool that I worked in. My purpose with my essay is to examine and to get an understanding for what children with attachement and separation anxiety goes through, and how a preschool teacher the best way can help them.The background story is about a boy named Sixten (not his real name). When separated from one of the preschool teachers Sixten exhibits a great deal of separation anxiety. In the story I give some clear examples of situations where Sixten displays this separation anxiety. I have in the essay viewed it from different perspectives and I have questioned my own role as an educator, but also my entire team.

There are around 855 000 on-site sewage systems in Sweden and some 1 800 of these are located in the municipality of Sigtuna. The Sigtuna local authority has set the goal that all sewage systems with insufficient function should be improved before the end of year 2010. A malfunctioning on-site sewage system may cause three main problems: spreading of diseases, discharge of eutrophicating compounds and wastage of resources. The municipality strives to reduce these problems already at the stage of granting permits for installation of on site sanitation systems. The municipality has recently adopted new guidelines, which demands certain minimum reductions for different compounds. The guidelines also state that it is preferred that neighboring house-owners cooperate in jointly built and operated sewage systems and that the system should be able to recycle plant nutrients.

Allt fler barn i Sverige upplever en skilsma?ssa eller separation, vilket medfo?r ett va?xande ja?mlikhetsproblem da? tidigare forskning visat att fo?ra?ldrars skilsma?ssa eller separation kan ha negativ inverkan pa? barns skolprestationer och utbildningsniva?. Utbildning anses vara fundamental fo?r ma?nniskors livschanser senare i livet och vid en skilsma?ssa eller separation minskar fo?ra?ldrarnas mo?jligheter att sto?dja sina barn i deras utbildning. Med detta som utga?ngspunkt a?r syftet att underso?ka om barn med skilda eller separerade fo?ra?ldrar tenderar att ha fa?rre utbildningsa?r ja?mfo?rt med barn i intakta ka?rnfamiljer.

Magnesium is one of the most important minerals in the body and it participates in many essential processes, such as energy metabolism and protein synthezis. Magnesium deficiency in cattle may occur when they are let out for pasture in the spring, and is associated with tetany, known as grass staggers. A high yielding dairy cow often loses more magnesium daily in the milk than she has available in the body, and magnesium thereby needs to be provided in the feed to prevent the cow from being affected by deficiency symptoms. The uptake of magnesium is mainly located to the rumen and is not regulated by hormones. The surplus is excreted in the urine by the kidneys.

Micronic Laser Systems AB produces and develops machines for the photo mask production market. One of their products is the Omega machine which exposes photo masks using 5 laser beams simultaneously. It is important that the distance between the each laser beam, the x-separation, is the same. The x-separation is today measured by exposing a photo mask with a certain pattern and thereafter measured with a metrology system. This takes to much time and it is desired to find a faster method to measure the x-separation without loosing precision.The task for this master thesis is to improve an existing measurement method which uses a calibration mask.

This has been a thesis work for an bachelor degree at Umeå university. The work has been done at LKAB?s facilities in Kiruna and its main purpose has been to investigate and construct some conceptual designs for replacing a screen with magnetic separation in KA3 concentrator plant. First all information available about magnetic separation was gathered and studies of magnetic separation at the sorting plant and studies of the plant KA3 was conducted. Companies that manufacture magnetic separators were contacted.

Med bakgrund i det ökade antalet barn som upplever skilsmässa och separation, undersöker denna studie påverkan på psykisk hälsa i vuxen ålder. Syftet är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan skilsmässa och separation under uppväxten och individens psykiska ohälsa i vuxen ålder, samt om ett eventuellt samband kan förklaras av konflikt mellan föräldrarna i uppväxtfamiljen. De teorier som uppsatsen använder för att förklara relationen mellan separation i uppväxtfamiljen och psykisk ohälsa i vuxen ålder tar sin utgångspunkt i ekonomiska svårigheter, psykologisk stress, familjestruktur samt konflikt mellan föräldrar. Studien bygger på kvantitativa data från Levnadsnivåundersökningen (LNU) 2010. Genom logistisk regressionsanalys undersöks om ett samband finns mellan separation och psykisk ohälsa i vuxen ålder.

It is important that the current urine separating systems are evaluated to allow improvements to be made and consequently increase their future propagation. In order to increase the knowledge about urine separating systems this study was made. It included, among other things, measurements of amounts of urine as well as of the composition of urine collected at Nytorgsgatan 4 in the city of Hallsberg. The study was increased after an inquiry that also included the district of Understenshöjden in the city of Stockholm. In the inquiry, the users were asked questions about odour, cleaning of toilets and occurrence of blockages in the urine water locks etc.

The aim for this study was to investigate if it is less stressful for cow and calves in loose housing systems when separation is made so they can see and touch each other (Physical Contact-PC) instead of just hearing each other (Hearing Contact-HC). The behavior of eight cow- calf pairs (n=4 pairs per treatment) on an ecological dairy farm with cubicle housing were studied for four hours directly after separation and four hours the day after separation. The first four cows that gave birth were used for treatment PC, and the following four cows that gave birth were used for treatment HC. The only selection criteria used was that both cow and calf were healthy. Separation took place 3-4 days after birth and the calves were put separately in two different pens while the mothers were let loose into the cubicle system.

 SAMMANFATTNING: Att skiljas/separera är inget ovanligt i Sverige. Som socialarbetare kan vi möta människor som befinner sig i kris efter en skilsmässa/separation. Dessa människor kan vi komma i kontakt med på olika arenor, exempelvis inom familjerådgivningen och familjerätten. Syftet med uppsatsen var att få en ökad förståelse för hur män och kvinnor som genomgått en skilsmässa/separation upplevt denna samt hur de hanterat situationen. Utöver genomgången av tidigare forskning gjordes sex kvalitativa intervjuer med tre män och tre kvinnor som gått igenom en skilsmässa/separation.

Bronchiolitis is a common performance decreasing disease in horses (Bracher et al, 1991¸Dixon et al, 1995) Its medical treatment includes inhalation therapy with corticosteroids and b2-adrenoceptorer stimulators. Use of both these medicines is prohibited for sport horses and athletes. Because the facemasks used for inhalation therapy are not airtight, there is a risk for leakage of these medicines. We wanted to see if cross exposure of nearby horses can result during normal recommended treatment of a horse, and assess if this could result in doping positive urine sample from the person treating the horse and from horses in the same airspace. We did a pilot study with four healthy horses. The experiment was divided into four parts.

Introduction: Urinary retention is a common postoperative complication associated with bladder distension. Permanent damage to the bladder affects the patient?s quality of life and may lead to a lifelong inability to empty the bladder and needs of self-catheterization with the risk of urinary tract infection. Bladder distension was classified as the fourth largest health care related injury in Sweden in 2013. Bladder distension may occur before the operation starts and is more common among orthopedic patients.